Understanding Sepsis
Sepsis can be caused by any type of infection, including bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Common sources include pneumonia, urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, and bloodstream infections. Sepsis occurs when the immune system reacts extremely to an infection, leading to extensive inflammation in the body that can result in tissue damage, organ failure, and even death.
Effects of Sepsis
An abnormal chain reaction in the clotting system can cause blood clots to form in the blood vessels, reducing blood flow to different organs and potentially causing significant damage or failure.
Signs and Symptoms
- High or low body temperature
- Rapid heart rate
- Rapid breathing
- Confusion or disorientation
- Severe pain or discomfort
- Low urine output
Who is at Risk?
While anyone affected by an infection, severe injury, or serious non-communicable disease can progress to sepsis, certain populations are at higher risk, including older persons, pregnant or recently pregnant women, neonates, hospitalised patients, patients in intensive care units, people with weakened immune systems (e.g., HIV, cancer), and people with chronic medical conditions (e.g., kidney disease, cirrhosis).
Treatment Options
Treatment for sepsis is most effective when started early. Doctors diagnose sepsis by looking for concerning signs and identifying the source of infection. Early use of antimicrobials is essential to improve outcomes. Low blood pressure is treated with intravenous fluids and vasopressors to increase blood pressure. In cases of antibiotic resistance, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue.
